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The role of orexins in food intake and chosen pathological phenomena
Zelená, Anna ; Sumová, Alena (advisor) ; Balounová, Kateřina (referee)
Orexins are neuropeptides produced in the lateral hypothalamus in the brain and peripheral organs. These neuropeptides are essential in regulating arousal and energy balance. They also participate in the reward system and secure water homeostasis. Orexins bind to the orexin receptors differently expressed in various tissues. The binding of orexins to their receptors couples with downstream signalling pathways, e.g., Ca2+ , diacylglycerol and protein kinase C pathways. Low concentration of adenosine triphosphate leads to the inactivation of orexin-expressing neurons and the reduction of energy expenditure. On the contrary, high intracellular concertation of adenosine triphosphate activates energy expenditure. Food intake is regulated by orexins and glucose, sirtuin 1, forkhead box transcription factor 2, and leptin. This thesis aims to find connections between the role of orexins in regulating food intake and the development of some pathological phenomena, e.g., hypertension, obesity, and anorexia nervosa. Keywords orexin, obesity, anorexia nervosa, glucose, insulin, stress
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Effect of nutritional intervention on compensation of diabetes mellitus type 2 in patients treated with insulin
Hes, Filip ; Flekač, Milan (advisor) ; Pehr, Martin (referee)
Introduction: The topic of the bachelor's thesis is ,,Effect of nutritional intervention on the compensation of type 2 diabetes mellitus in patients treated with insulin". Diabetes mellitus is a chronic civilization disease, the incidence increases every year. Nutritional education of patients is one of the effective ways to help better compensation of diabetes. Aim of thesis: The aim of the work was to determine the effect of individual nutritional education on the compensation of T2DM in patients treated with an intensified insulin regimem. Methods: For the research were selected 14 patients with T2DM who are treated with intensified insulin therapy. These patients are visiting the Third Department of Internal Medicine of the General Hospital in Prague. All patients completed the study. They were divided into two groups. Group A was individually educated. Group B patients served as the control group. Glycated hemoglobin results were recorded at the beginning of the study and after approximately three months at the next follow-up with a diabetologist. Results: An improvement in glycated hemoglobin values was observed in the group individually educated group compared to the control group. At the same time, education had a positive effect on answers to most questions related to diabetes. In group A,...
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Role of Arginine 717 in insulin receptor respective Arginine 704 in IGF-1 receptor for the interaction with ligands
Kertisová, Anna ; Selicharová, Irena (advisor) ; Ryšlavá, Helena (referee)
Insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) are peptide hormones that are important regulators of cellular metabolism, proliferation and apoptosis. Disruptions in signalling pathways may cause a whole range of diseases from diabetes mellitus type 1 and type 2 to cancer or neurodegenerative diseases. The cellular response to these hormones is mediated by insulin (IR) and IGF-1 receptors (IGF-1R) with a tyrosin-kinase activity. Receptors are created as hetero-tetramers of two extracellular α-subunits and two intracellular β-subunits. Studies of receptor structures try to elucidate the basic principles of the interaction of receptors with their ligands. However, the role of some amino-acid residues in binding remains unclear. It was suggested that the arginine 704 of IGF-1R may interact with Glu58 IGF-1. In comparison with IGF-1R, the equivalent arginine 717 IR was not associated with an important role in insulin binding in previous studies. This thesis is focused on clarifying the role of Arg704 IGF-1R and for comparison analogically on Arg717 IR isoform A (IR-A) in ligand binding to the receptors. Therefore, mutant variants of IGF-1R in positions His697 and Arg704 and variants IR-A in positions His710 and Arg717 were created. The role of histidines 697 IGF-1R and 710 IR was already elucidated...
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Type 1 diabetes mellitus in children and its impact on quality of life
KUČEROVÁ, Ludmila
This bachelor's thesis focuses on children suffering from type 1 diabetes mellitus and their parents. The aim of the bachelor's thesis was to assess how the parents of type 1 diabetic children evaluate the quality of life in connection with their children's disease and how the type 1 diabetics themselves evaluate it. A combination of qualitative and quantitative research strategies was chosen in the research. The structured interview technique was used in the qualitative strategy, and the PedsQLTM questionnaire was used in the quantitative part. Interviews were conducted with parents of children with type 1 diabetes and with the diabetics themselves. The interviews were recorded on a voice recorder and subsequently transcribed into a textual format in an electronic version. The questionnaire was used in both the version for children suffering from diabetes mellitus and in the version for parents of diabetics. The interviews were evaluated using open coding. Codes were then assigned to individual statements. The questionnaire was evaluated using descriptive statistics. The bachelor's thesis serves to increase public awareness of type 1 diabetes mellitus and its impact on the family.
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health benefits of the intermittent fasting
BRABCOVÁ, Simona
This bachelor thesis focuses on the issue of intermittent fasting and its impact on human health. The thesis is conceived as literary research. It presents various forms of intermittent fasting and their influence on physiological processes in the body and on specific diseases. Furthermore, this bachelor thesis focuses on negative side effects. The main aim of the thesis is to present the findings in a comprehensive form. The content of the thesis emerges mainly from foreign literature, articles and studies dealing with the issue. The work presents intermittent fasting as an alternative approach to eating with the potential to cure various diseases. It also discusses the advantages and disadvantages of other eating styles, such as a caloric restriction diet.
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The role of the teacher´s assistant in child with diabetes mellitus at the first grade of primary school.
SILOVSKÁ, Lucie
The goal of this bachelor´s work is to describe position of the assistent of the pedagogue at the student with diagnosis diabetes mellitus and suggest reducement of negative impacts of special educative needs of the student to the ecucation with a help of assistant of the pedagogue. Bachelor´s work consists of two parts. Teoretical part relyes on special literature. First part specialises in diabetes mellitus, its history, type of diabetes, its acute and chronic complications, aids for treatment of diabetes mellitus 1st type, treatment by insuline pump, nourishment and sport, last two chaptures are interested in student with diabetes at the elementary school. Second part of teoretical part is dedicated to the assistent of pedagogue, his/her aktivity and personal assumptions. Practical part is refering to own qualitative research, when research group was made up from students of chosen elementary schools. Students were chosen from 3 different elementary schools in Prague. Practical part consists of 3 case studies refering to the students at 1st level elementary school with diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. The data collection took place with a help of document study, interviews with parents, teachers and asistents of pedagogues and will be completed by observing. Preparation of this work came out from professional literature and publications, from laws and results of performer research.
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Diabetes Mellitus 1st Type
Kadlecová, Kateřina ; Pavlasová, Lenka (advisor) ; Ehler, Edvard (referee)
Diabetes Mellitus 1st Type Abstract This thesis deals with chronic illness diabetes mellitus 1st type. It is a job search to define and clarify the phenomena associated primarily with the course, but also the formation, prevention and complications of diabetes. The theoretical part of the work developed through the study of literature and other sources, and is intended to familiarize in detail and summarize the current state of knowledge of the topic. Much attention is devoted to the course of the disease, namely the possible resulting acute and late complications and consequently their solutions. Emphasis is also asset to the modern, ever-improving treatment options and the importance of self-monitoring. From a pedagogical point of view is taken into account in the work of the psyche diabetic, specially in terms of integration into the community. Conclusion the work points out, that even sick with diabetes mellitus can live a full and long live, if they abide by the rules.
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The comparation of embryotoxical effect of insulin and glucose by the method CHEST.
Turková, Aneta ; Peterka, Miroslav (advisor) ; Likovský, Zbyněk (referee)
If gravid women suffer from diabetes,their unborn children have 10x higher risk of development of malformation,prenatal and postnatal death and post partum complications than children of women belonging to healthy population.The main and very controversial potential teratogenic factors are glucose and insulin.However,there are very ambivalent opinions on which one of these two substances causes damage to embryo. Therefore,the aim of this diploma thesis was to contribute to solving of this problem and test direct embryotoxicity of insulin and glucose. For solving of this issue, the so-called CHEST.The principle of this method is creation of a window in eggshell and consequent subgerminal or intraamnial application of the substance being tested.Embryos were tested from the second until the sixth incubation day.Firstly, two types of insulin were injected.Injected doses varied between 3µg/3µl to 0,003µg/3µl. Then glucose was tested,with dosage of 300µg/3µl and 30µg/3µl. Embryotoxic effect was detected for both types of insulin. The beginning of embryotoxicity line of insulin's lies between the dosage of 0,03µg/3µl and 0,003µg/3µl. From embryotoxic effect, death of embryos predominated over development of congenital malformations. Only after application on the second incubation day, there was increased...
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